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29
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The notion of gharīb in Arabic lexica
From very early in the Islamic linguistic tradition, the study of strange words, patterns, and constructions (gharīb) has been of interest. For the early philologists, words and expressions were “gharīb” when they were in use in the language of the Bedouins (Aʿrāb) but were rare in the contemporary language of those who collected the material. In this article, the early gharīb lexica and the devel...
more
From very early in the Islamic linguistic tradition, the study of strange words, patterns, and constructions (gharīb) has been of interest. For the early philologists, words and expressions were “gharīb” when they were in use in the language of the Bedouins (Aʿrāb) but were rare in the contemporary language of those who collected the material. In this article, the early gharīb lexica and the development of the genre of gharīb works in later centuries is discussed, focusing on gharīb al-lugha (gharīb in the speech of the Arabs, kalām al-ʿArab), gharīb al-Qurʾān, and gharīb al-Ḥadīth, respectively.
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2019
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40
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بدايات نظام التقفية في ترتيب المعجم العربي
This study discusses two fundamental issues related to the beginning of the rhyme (taqfiya) system of arrangement in Arabic lexica, i.e the arrangement of roots and words on the basis of their final radicals. The first issue is the relationship between parts of Ibn al-Sikkīt’s (d. 244/858) Iṣlāḥ al-manṭiq and Bandanīğī’s (d. 284/897) K. al-Taqfiya fī l-luġa. The study examines Bandanīğī’s method o...
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This study discusses two fundamental issues related to the beginning of the rhyme (taqfiya) system of arrangement in Arabic lexica, i.e the arrangement of roots and words on the basis of their final radicals. The first issue is the relationship between parts of Ibn al-Sikkīt’s (d. 244/858) Iṣlāḥ al-manṭiq and Bandanīğī’s (d. 284/897) K. al-Taqfiya fī l-luġa. The study examines Bandanīğī’s method of arranging the material of his book and concludes that he derived it primarily from the relevant parts of Ibn al-Sikkīt’s book. The second issue is the nature of the rhyme system itself and the motive behind the arrangement of roots and words beginning with the last letter, contrary to the expectation that first letters should be considered first. The explanation given by some scholars, in particular A.M. ‘Umar and M.G. Carter, are shown to be farfetched. Instead, close textual analysis of K. al-Taqfiya clearly demonstrates the strong link between the rhyme system and poetry.
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2021
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41
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ترتيب المواد ضمن الجذر الواحد
In the Arabic lexicographical tradition, there are three major systems for the arrangement of roots, namely, the phonetic-permutative, the alphabetical and the rhyme systems. The internal arrangement of the material within each root, however, is a much more intricate subject. Several lexica almost completely lack any system of internal arrangement. Yet, there are a few relatively late authors who ...
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In the Arabic lexicographical tradition, there are three major systems for the arrangement of roots, namely, the phonetic-permutative, the alphabetical and the rhyme systems. The internal arrangement of the material within each root, however, is a much more intricate subject. Several lexica almost completely lack any system of internal arrangement. Yet, there are a few relatively late authors who seriously tried to address this problem by adopting a system of arranging lexical items based either on morphological or semantic criteria. This study examines the development of the method of morphological arrangement in the tradition and argues that al-Ṣaġānī (d. 650/1252) was the first to apply it systematically in his al-ʿUbāb al-zāḫir. It then argues that Ibn Sīda (d. 458/1066) was the first to introduce in al-Muḥkam a system of internal arrangement based on the semantic fields of each root and that Ibn Manẓūr’s (d. 711/1311) Lisān al-ʿArab is primarily based on the semantic groups of Ibn Sīda with proper rearrangement of material from his four other sources.
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2019
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